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NOMENCLATURE
2,4-D
Common name2,4-D (BSI, E-ISO, (m) F-ISO, WSSA); 2,4-PA (JMAF)
IUPAC name(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid
Chemical Abstracts name(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid
CAS RN[94-75-7]EEC no.202-361-1 Development codesL208 (Marks)
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
2,4-D
CompositionTech. is ³96% pure. Mol. wt.221.0 M.f.C8H6Cl2O3FormColourless powder, with a slight phenolic odour. M.p.140.5 ºC V.p.1.86 ´ 10-2 mPa (25 °C, OECD 104) KOWlogP = 2.58-2.83 (pH 1), 0.04-0.33 (pH 5) Henry1.32 ´ 10-5 Pa m3 mol-1 (calc.) S.g./density0.7-0.8 SolubilityIn water 311 (pH 1), 20 031 (pH 5), 23 180 (pH 7), 34 196 (pH 9) (all in mg/l, 25 °C). In ethanol 1250, diethyl ether 243, heptane 1.1, toluene 6.7, xylene 5.8 (all in g/kg, 20 ºC); in octanol 120 g/l (25 °C). Insoluble in petroleum oils. Mono-n-butylamine salt: In water 18 g/l (30 ºC). Stability2,4-D is a strong acid, and forms water-soluble salts with alkali metals and amines. Hard water leads to precipitation of the calcium and magnesium salts, but a sequestering agent is included in formulations to prevent this. Photolytic DT50 (simulated sunlight) 7.5 d. pKa2.73
APPLICATIONS
BiochemistrySynthetic auxin (acting like indolylacetic acid). Mode of actionSelective systemic herbicide. Salts are readily absorbed by the roots, whilst esters are readily absorbed by the foliage. Translocation occurs, with accumulation principally at the meristematic regions of shoots and roots. Acts as a growth inhibitor. UsesPost-emergence control of annual and perennial broad-leaved weeds in cereals, maize, sorghum, grassland, established turf, grass seed crops, orchards (pome fruit and stone fruit), cranberries, asparagus, sugar cane, rice, forestry, and on non-crop land (including areas adjacent to water), at 0.28-2.3 kg/ha. Control of broad-leaved aquatic weeds. The isopropyl ester can also be used as a plant growth regulator to prevent premature fruit fall in citrus fruit. PhytotoxicityPhytotoxic to most broad-leaved crops, especially cotton, vines, tomatoes, ornamentals, fruit trees, oilseed rape and beet. Formulation typesEC; GR; SP; SL. CompatibilityCompatibility depends upon the particular formulation.
2 4-D Sodium 80%SP
